TGEU The ProTrans project • Gayten-LGBT, Serbia (http://www.transserbia.org/) After analysing the results of the joint data collected, • GENDERDOC-M, Moldova TGEU and partners engaged in evidence-informed ad- (http://www.gdm.md/) • Labrys Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan (http://www.labrys.kg) vocacy to increase public awareness of domestic authorities’ responsibility to provide appropriate responses and to address European stakeholders (policymakers, Extreme physical violence equality bodies, human-rights NGOs and journalists) in ciation, Turkey (http://www.kirmizisemsiye.org/) order to make them aware of the systematic maltreat- (http://www.transvanilla.hu/) ment faced by transgender persons (read more in the “Mobilisation strategies against transphobic violence in ProTrans” chapter). The present publication also forms The project started with the development and imple- Category Homicide (murder) • Red Umbrella Sexual Health and Human Rights Asso• Transvanilla Transgender Association, Hungary Hate crimes: Actions that are crimes according to the national criminal law in most European countries. Damage to property part of the advocacy efforts undertaken in ProTrans. by participating trans-rights organisations and TGEU. Monitoring: Focus on hate crimes The monitoring form was drafted in three in-person In order to provide firm data for governments, interna- meetings with ProTrans project partners and TGEU tional bodies, local authorities or any other stakehold- member organisations’ representatives from: ers, the data collected are compatible with national data-collection standards and legal categories in use. • ACCEPT Association, Romania (http://www.accept-romania.ro/) • Trans Aid Croatia, Croatia (http://www.transaid.hr/) • MIT - Movimento Identità Transessuale, Italy (http://www.mit-italia.it/) • TransInterQueer e.V., Germany (http://www.transinterqueer.org/) Because criminal codes, anti-discrimination laws and other legal instruments vary greatly between jurisdictions, it was impossible to apply uniform definitions of Any attack on a person that potentially causes serious physical harm. Sexual assault An act of sexual violence, including rape and sexual exploitation and sexual harassment, including unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Any physical attack against a person or people that does not pose a threat to their life. Attack against property, including desecration Any physical attack directed against property that is not life-threatening. Arson Arson attacks on property where there is no threat to life, for instance if the building is uninhabited at the time of the attack. Failed attempts, for instance attempted arson where the fire fails to catch or the arsonist is disturbed. Any clear and specific threat, whether verbal or written. If the threat is not clear and specific, then the incident should be recorded as “Abusive behaviour”. Includes stalking (repeated undesired contact), blackmailing, restriction of freedom (e.g. locking up a person), defamation, such as outing the LGBTI identity, bullying (e.g. at school, at workplace). Hate speech and discrimination: These incidents may or may not qualify as crimes under national law. They are elements of a LGBTI-phobic context, as a result of which it is important to monitor them. Public hate speech Verbal or written abuse in public, e.g. by a politician. in a single multi-country database. Therefore, partners Cyber Hate Hate speech channelled via the Internet and/or social media. used a common classification system to determine the Abusive behaviour This type of behaviour may often fall short of constituting a criminal offence. Includes verbal abuse, whether face-to-face or via telephone or phone messages and written abuse (including mobile-phone text messages, graffiti and targeted letters (that is, those written for, sent to or about a specific individual)). Abusive literature and music Mass-produced abusive literature or music that is sent to more than one recipient. This covers mass mailings rather than individual cases of hate mail, which fall under the “Abusive behaviour” or “Threats” categories, depending on the content. discrimination, various types of crimes or hate speech Hate speech category of the transphobic incident in question, which is also in line with the OSCE’s Office for Democratic In- In conjunction with the monitoring, project partners ofand survivors of violence and increased legal literacy Serious bodily harm Threats and psychological violence stitutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) standards. 5 fered community-based support services for victims Description Any attack on a person that causes loss of life. Assault mentation of a systematic but simple online system to monitor transphobic incidents in an inclusive process Subcategory Discriminatory incidents Any form of discriminatory incidents that are not considered a crime. about possibilities for redress within the trans community. The project provided local partners with the necessary means to pursue legal action and use domestic redress mechanisms. +6+ Types of LGBTI-phobic hate incidents. The source of the table is: http://ilga-europe.org/sites/default/files/Attachments/types_of_crimes_bias_indicators.pdf +7+