tgeu Monitoring transphobic incidents Glossary of terms 16 (government authorities, European/international institutions, human-rights ins- • In committing the crime, the perpetrator acts on the basis of prejudice or bias. Advocacy Data collection titutions, etc.) that can take action. Good The deliberate process of influencing tho- Data collection implies determining what documentation can also be used to create Thus, the perpetrator of a hate crime se who make or have responsibility for information is needed and establishing the effective advocacy tools, such as educa- selects the victim based on the victim’s implementing policy decisions. As such, means to acquire it. Fact finding and mo- tional materials, articles, and posters that membership or perceived membership in the word “advocacy” is quite pliable and nitoring are part of this process. Methods support the changing of attitudes. a particular group. Where the crime invol- is used variously to suit organisational include a wide range of tools such as sur- agendas. It is understood in terms of the veys, interviews, questionnaires, etc. ves damage to property, the property is Gender identity chosen because of its association with a Gender identity refers to each person’s victim group and can include such targets Documentation deeply felt internal and individual expe- as places of worship, community centres, The term “documentation” can have dif- rience of gender, which may or may not vehicles or family homes. Bias indicators ferent meanings, depending on the geo- correspond with the sex assigned at bir- Criteria that can assist law-enforcement graphical context or the field in which it th, including the personal sense of the Hate speech professionals in determining whether a is employed. It is important to stress that body (which may involve, if freely cho- Forms of expression that are motivated particular crime should be classified as a documenting is a process that includes dif- sen, modification of bodily appearance by, demonstrate or encourage hostility bias/hate crime. These criteria are not all- ferent steps, which can vary depending on or function by medical, surgical or other towards a group or a person because of inclusive, and each case must be exami- the goal of the documentation. Generally, means) and other expressions of gender, their membership in that group. Since hate ned on its own facts and circumstances. documentation is the process of organis- including dress, speech and mannerisms. speech may encourage or accompany hate ing and classifying the collected data such (Yogyakarta Principles 2007) crimes, the two concepts are interlinked. work an organisation does and the fundamental mission of the organisation. 34 reporting and dissemination to actors Bias motivation that it is accessible in the short and long A bias or hate crime or hate-motivated term. It implies categorising the collected Hate crime (or bias crime) forms of expression can be limited or pro- incident can be based on one of the fol- data according to certain criteria (such as Hate crimes are criminal acts motivated hibited because of their hateful nature. lowing motivations: race/ethnicity, reli- the profile of victims/perpetrators; cate- by bias or prejudice towards particular gion/faith, nationality, age, disability, sex, gories of incidents; bias indicators). This groups of people. This could be based, Monitoring sexual orientation, gender identity, or makes the data accessible and creates inter alia, on gender, gender identity, se- A broad term describing the active collec- other grounds. possibilities for analysis. Analysing data xual orientation, ethnicity, religion, age tion, verification and use of information includes elaborating statistics, charts and or disability. A hate crime comprises two to address human-rights problems over graphs to make findings more visible. distinct elements: time. Human-rights monitoring includes Good documentation is the basis for good 16) The glossary of terms builds on TGEU’s and ILGA-Europe’s working definitions. More information on ILGA Europe’s hate crime monitoring resources: http://www.ilga-europe.org/ home/how_we_work/developing/resources_on_capacity_building/tools States differ considerably as to which • It is an act that constitutes an observing and gathering information offence under the criminal law, about incidents and events (elections, tri- irrespective of the perpetrator’s als, demonstrations, etc.); it has a tempo- motivation; and ral quality, as it generally takes place over an extended period of time. In the speci- 35