tgeu Monitoring transphobic incidents fic context of hate crimes, the purpose of Transphobic incidents monitoring is to document violence moti- The term describes acts motivated by vated by hatred and to draw the attention prejudice/bias/hatred against trans peo- of national authorities or international or- ple ranging from those that are merely of- ganisations to the violation of recognis- fensive to those that constitute criminal ed human rights. Monitoring ultimately acts. Although hate-motivated incidents aims to collect sufficient evidence of hate do not always involve crimes, such inci- crimes to convince authorities and the dents often precede, accompany or pro- public that something has to be done to vide the context of hate crimes. improve the situation. Monitoring is also done to ensure that the authorities are Victim of a homophobic or adhering to the law, guidelines or agree- transphobic hate crime/incident ments. It can also show trends over time. A victim of a hate crime/incident is a person who has suffered any incident, which may Transgender or trans people or may not constitute a criminal offence, Transgender or trans people have a gen- that is perceived by the victim or any other der identity that is different from the gen- person as being motivated by prejudice or der assigned at birth. This includes people hate based upon their sexual orientation, who intend to undergo, are undergoing, gender identity or gender expression. The or have undergone gender reassignment perception of the victim or any other per- as well as those who prefer or choose to son is the defining factor in determining present themselves differently from the whether an incident constitutes a homo- expectations of the gender assigned to phobic or transphobic hate crime. them at birth. 36 37